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Should I pay off a debt or invest?

Paying down a loan is a guaranteed return equal to its interest rate. Investing might do better — or might not. Compare both after tax, and see how much of the answer rests on an assumption.

The debt

LOAN

This decides whether any of the interest is deductible.

$
%
yrs
$

The amount you'd either prepay or invest.

Around nine in ten filers take the standard deduction and get nothing back for mortgage interest. For 2026 it is $32,200 married filing jointly and $16,100 single, and the deduction only helps to the extent your total itemized deductions clear that bar.

The investment alternative

MARKET
%
%

Use 0 for a 401(k), IRA, or other tax-sheltered account. This is charged as an annual drag, which overstates the cost for a buy-and-hold investor — if you expect to defer capital gains for decades, enter something below your marginal capital gains rate.

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Enter a balance, rate, years remaining, and the extra amount you have available each month.

Save or send these numbersEmail

All four happen in your browser. Your figures are not sent anywhere — the email opens in your own mail app, already filled in.

Why one side of this comparison is a promise and the other a hopeA written guide to the rules behind this calculator →
For educational purposes only. Paying down debt is a certain return; investment returns are not — the comparison assumes a steady rate that real markets do not deliver. Before doing either, capture any employer retirement match and fund your emergency savings. Not investment or tax advice.